La-La Land American Ignorance Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive Papers

La-La Land American Ignorance So tell me. Who is the prime minister of Britain? What did Koizumi just do to his cabinet? Do you even know what country he’s from? What was the reelected chancellor of Germany’s stance in his recent political campaign? What resolution did the U.N. Security Council pass in late September? Which country stopped the shipment of five million dollars of uranium 155 miles from Iraqi borders? Can you even point out the location of Baghdad on a world map? Where is Arafat’s headquarters located? Do you even know who Arafat is? What 39-year old Asian businessman took control of North Korea’s recently opened â€Å"special economic zone?† Why is Milosevic being tried at The Hague? Do you know what these things, these people, and these events, have to do with the United States? More specifically, do you know how they might affect you? It is no surprise that many Americans cannot answer these questions. In general, most of us aren’t interested in what happens in countries on the other side of the globe. We feel apathetic even to domestic events occurring in states other than our own. But that is the problem – the American public does not recognize the most basic knowledge about the current events of the world due to lack of interest. The average adult perhaps only realizes that bin Laden and al Qaeda are hiding somewhere inside or outside Afghanistan and that Saddam Hussein may have a stockpile of weapons of mass destruction hidden somewhere in Iraq. But this is about as far as their familiarity with foreign affairs extends – they may not even be able to point out Baghdad on a map or what territory Desert Storm covered. They probably cannot even identify the events that occurred at Tora Bora... ...lling our gigantic walk-in closets with more dresses from Gucci than there are days in a year than we are with North Korea’s militarization of its economy. We want to watch action movies all day long, eat Ben and Jerry’s ice cream right out of the half-gallon bucket, drive fancy BMW sports cars, booze up on Smirnoff Ice, shoot up more heroin, pay thousands for prostitutes, gamble fortunes away at the MGM Grand in Vegas, and enjoy all the pleasures of life. We care more for that than anything else in the world. And our government responds to that. The media bows to our wishes. And we grow ever more apathetic, ignoring the world around us. Sources cited: Epstein, Edward J. News From Nowhere: Television and the News, Vintage, New York NY. 1973, pp. 16; Pearson, David. â€Å"The Media and Government Deception.† Propaganda Review. Spring 1989, pp. 6-11.

How I Think and Learn

Throughout my college years I have found what my best ways of thinking and learning are. I have tried many different methods to make sure I get the best out of learning. Now that I know what helps me concentrate I stick to that method when studying. Thinking is a complex part of me that I have difficulties in, especially when I have to make a decision. Thinking and learning are a process that has no ending, and frequently can be modified to ones potential. To learn what I am being taught, I have to rewrite and review my notes.I have difficult time memorizing my notes, so the more I review them the easier it is for me to remember the content. Also, to learn in class I have to sit in the front of class to focus on what is being taught. When it comes to study time, I like to be alone to be able to think and process what I am learning. I don’t like to have distractions at this time so, this helps me concentrate and forget about any other issues I may have. I believe that I need to improve my persona so that I can become a successful and great nurse one day. I want to improve my technical skill, according to Alfaro, this it to focus on more important things.Sometimes I dedicate more time to socializing with friends and I don’t dedicate enough assignments, which is more important. In the past, while I was taking a science course, I would spend more time going out with my friends rather than studying for upcoming quizzes or exams. I know that if I focus more on important things I will be a better student that will lead to a great nursing career. Another, skill I want to improve on is my interpersonal skill. I have a difficulty communicating with others, especially if they are older people than me.I have difficulty expressing myself to others and giving any feedback. I would like to improve this skill because I want to prepare myself to working with a large number of people, like at a hospital. I know that being part of a health care team means that worki ng as a team is important. I will work on this skill by socializing more with my fellow co workers and other people when the time is appropriate. The last skill I think is important for me to improve is my intellectual skill as well. I think that my confidence in decision making is not very high.I usually don’t go with my gut feeling. For instance, when I take a test and I’m unsure about an answer, if I have an intuition about an answer I always doubt myself and end up choosing the wrong answer. I think this skill will help me as a nurse in the future because the life of patients will rely on me, and I have to make the best decision to keep them healthy. I plan to work on this skill by trusting myself and working on myself esteem. Throughout the years that I have dedicated in college to better my education and prepare for a better future I have learned many new things about myself.I’ve found out what my styles in learning are, and what helps me learn and stay fo cus. I have been able to critically think about different situations that will impact my life and have been able to make wise decisions about my life. I am happy that there is great opportunity for improvement in myself. I am looking forward into putting to use what I have learned and happy that I’ve been thought the difference between a thinker and a critical thinker. Alfaro-Lefevre, R. (2009). Critical thinking and clinical judgement (4th ed). Philadelphia: WB Saunders

Causes of the American Revolution - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1071 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/04/26 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: American Revolution Essay Did you like this example? The American Revolution was caused by the French and Indian War, the Proclamation Line of 1763, Navigation acts, lack of colonial representation, and violent colonial resistance. Even though the French and Indian War succeeded in giving Great Britain an enormous amount of territory in North America, it was also immensely expensive. In an attempt to cover these expenses, Britains parliament decided to impose taxes on the colonists, also known as the Navigation Acts. These acts led to colonial resentment over the growing imperial rule in the colonies. Having no control over these taxes, colonists realized their lack of representation in the English Parliament and wrote to King George III, hoping to gain some say in what was imposed upon them. In response, the colonists gained more taxes and their irritation with the parliament grew. Great Britain, not wanting to provocate another war with the Indians, attempted to limit Westward expansion for colonists by passing the Proclamation Line of 1763, which stated that colonists could not settle West of the Appalachian Mountains. Tired of the repressive laws and taxes bestowed upon them, colonists began to revolt and use violence as their way of rejecting British rule. These clashes over colonial freedom led to an extensive war for independence. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Causes of the American Revolution" essay for you Create order When the war ended in 1763, Britain gained a vast amount of land for its empire after signing the Treaty of Paris. Although the war had ended, fighting with indians continued. After signing the treaty, ten thousand British troops arrived on the new frontier to defend and assuage it. The soldiers lodged themselves in the homes of many settlers, causing colonial discontent with the disruption of their homes. Along with building a vast empire and strong Navy, Britain was so high in expenses that Englands national debt doubled in amount. England decided to push the debt on the colonies in the form of many taxes and laws. Resentment among colonists grew as their expansion was limited and they were heavily taxed. After an expensive war, King George III passed the Proclamation Line of 1763 to prevent further fighting with the indians. This frontier policy forbade colonial settlement West of the Appalachian Mountains, mainly in the Ohio Valley. Many colonists disliked this policy and resented the British monarchy for it. The colonists were celebrating the opening of the frontier won after the war, and grew upset that their expansion became limited. Many colonists believed that Britain was trying to keep a tight control over the colonies by enacting this policy. Since Britain was in a massive debt and in need of cash, the expenses were pushed onto America. This led to a series of taxes imposed upon the colonists, some of which were meant to prevent smuggling. The Sugar Act of 1764 taxed many commonly used imports such as sugar, coffee, and wine. Tax collection was stringently enforced and led colonists to protest and cry no taxation without representation, because they had no say in the British policy. For the colonists, property was seen as a freedom instead of just a possession. If one had property, they could provide for themselves without relying on the government. When the security of that property was threatened due to taxes, so was the liberty that came with it. Many colonists believed that their freedom was being dealt with in this way, and protested. For example, in Massachusetts, a protest was drawn up that stated that taxes ought not to be laid without representatives of the colonists affected by them. In March, 1765, the Stamp tax became a law, forcing any formally written or printed documents to be put on singular stamped paper and distributed in America by resident agents who were on payment of the taxes. The colonists would have to pay stamp tariffs on the stages of lawsuits, almanacs, newspapers, bills and bonds, diplomas, deeds, advertisements, and even dice and cards. Regardless of size, each fee seemed to be a strike on the security of property to the colonists because they were levied without assent. With the passage of the Stamp Act, merchants of the colonies rebelled by agreeing to cease imports on all British goods unless Parliament were to repeal it. Most colonies also witnessed a pause in business due to the desire to nulli fy the act, and used nothing that required the use of stamps. TAXATION WITHOUT REPRESENTATION Most Englishmen were ineligible to vote on the acts of Parliament, either because they did not own enough property, or they lived in towns that were not allowed to send members. The Sugar Act and a newly proposed stamp tax brought forth colonial protests and objections. In an attempt to justify these new acts, Thomas Whatley, a member of the Parliament, assured the colonists that they werent unrepresented, but they instead enjoyed a virtual representation, without voting for anyone. According to Whatley, each member of Parliament represented the entire empire and not just the few electors who chose them. The colonists roundly rejected this idea of virtual representation and wanted an actual representation in Parliament. In October, 1765, nine colonies sent representatives to New York to attend the Stamp Act Congress, where they drew up a set of regulations denying the authority of taxation by Parliament. This declaration of rights and grievances was framed and then sent to King Georg e III, but despite the opposition, the Stamp Act was still enacted. The colonists were angered by the lack of representation that they had in the British government, and thus their desire for freedom was fueled. COLONIAL RESISTANCE As the colonists tried to flout the British government, they formed rebellious associations, a popular one called the Sons of Liberty in Boston, led by politician Samuel Adams. The purpose of these groups was to declare the colonial intention to resist the Stamp act to the last extremity. The colonists in these associations found themselves willing to risk their lives in rebellion to prevent the security of their property from being taken by the Parliament, in which they had no representation. In response to the Stamp Act, the Sons of Liberty hung an effigy of Andrew Oliver, who was paid to distribute stamps in Massachusetts, along with a large boot with a devil climbing out of it, to symbolize Olivers evil connection to the Stamp Act. After dusk, many furious colonists of Boston burned Olivers property, stoned his house, and beheaded the effigy. Similar riots began to break out and forced the resignations of various crown-appointed officials.

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Art and Video Game - 867 Words

Historically video games have been considered a novelty or technical subject, but in recent year given the increase in technology video games have been able to show that they are more. While not a traditional art form, video games do have an artistic basis. Video games are increasingly becoming more story and visually based. With these increased artistic elements it is increasingly becoming harder to deny that video games are art, but maybe they are not the art defined by a traditional definition. Critics state that that video games do not have the artistic values that art has but perhaps there needs to be a new definition of what art is to include video games. Art can be divide in to two different categories, â€Å"literacy arts,† art forms†¦show more content†¦Saints Row, a game some would argue immature do to its use of juvenile humor and phallic weapon choices, is in fact a great example of video games maturing as an art form. As seen throughout the history of movies, there is a pattern of genre creation and criticism of the genre through spoofs and satirical works. Saints Row is an example of this development in video games, criticizing the gangster crime genre made notorious by Grand Theft Auto. This development in the genre is an example of a genre referring back to itself and poking holes in some of its conventions, a key element of a maturing medium. Traditionally art has been produced by a single artist, a major criticism of the notion that video games, a collaborative effort of a team, could be considered an art form. This criticism is limited to mainstream video games, though, since many independently developed video games are the works of a small team, as few as two, and they display the most artistic characteristics. Not burdened by the heavy costs of triple-a game development indie developers are able to put their hearts into their games and produce wonderfully artistic games and not worry about if it will sell to the widest audience. These games are evidence of the artistically heights video games can achieve. Video games are a collaborative art form created by a team instead of a singular artisan (Hall). That is not to say thatShow MoreRelatedThe Art of Video Games833 Words   |  3 Pages Video Games is an electronic game that involves human interaction with a user interface to generate visual feedback on a video device. The word video in video game is because it shows the game on a Display device such as TV or Computer, but now Video Games can be shown on any display device that can produce two or even three Dimensional Images. The electronic device that was used to play the video games known as platforms, The example of some platforms that was used to play the video games is PCRead MoreVideo Games Are A Form Of Art918 Words   |  4 PagesVideo games are a form of art. As a result, they capture relevant social opinions of the time and are encoded with history and culture. By interacting with players they force their audience to think critically about situations and to form opinions about the society around them. Games accomplish this through authorship and agency, which allows them record individual viewpoints. The construction of a game influences its value as a lasting work. The different constructions of video games (whether rhizomaticRead MoreVideo Games As An Art Form Essay1513 Words   |  7 PagesA Case for Video Games as an Art Form Video games are a profound art form, incorporating trades and mediums that span the artistic spectrum and beyond. To refute this is to ignore decades of rich history, disregard hours of artful labor, and discredit the immeasurable devotion of many whom worked to perfect this art form. Although video games may not suit every individual’s tastes, one cannot claim with credibility they possess no artistic merit. My awareness of this concept is longstanding. FromRead MoreVideo Games Considered Art Essay1325 Words   |  6 PagesVideo Games Considered Art Many video games use visuals to mentally immerse gamers into a virtual world filled with seemingly living, breathing people, animals, or cities. According to Michael Samyn and Auriea Harvey, game designers for Tale of Tales, video games increasingly develop into a true medium of artistic expression (Lamb). In just forty years, video games transformed from an abuse of the new computer for entertainment purposes into a sophisticated form of popular art. The developmentRead MoreVideo Games - The Forgotten Art Essay1841 Words   |  8 PagesVideo Games - The Forgotten Art Ask any major in the fine arts for the definition of art. Theyre likely to tell you that it is self-expression through the use of some sort of medium. Most commonly thought of are clay for a sculpture, paint for a masterpiece, even music notes for a four-movement suite. The last thing youd think of is a computer program for a video game. But why not? Dont video games incorporate both artwork and music? Each one is considered art, but many people consider theRead MoreVideo Games : An Ancient Art Form2134 Words   |  9 PagesStorytelling has always been an ancient art form, taking people back to past cultures. Some believe stories were first printed on rock, carved into clay tablets, stone, bark and other materials. With the beginnings of writing they moved on to parchment and paper and now are digitally produce. â€Å"When we experience a story, we allow ourselves to be invaded by the teller† (Gottschall XV). If the author is good at his job, we are completely taken over by t he story and our mind is working hard to absorbRead MoreVideo Games Are The Most Revolutionary Form Of Art856 Words   |  4 PagesTo quote the famous game designer Santiago Sir â€Å"Games are not just art, they are the most revolutionary form of art mankind has ever known about†. Video games are a hybrid form of art that brings together multiple forms of art. Video games are very aesthetic. They achieve this through the use of their realistic graphics, in depth development of the story, and the emotional attachment built overtime with the game. Video games have come a long way in the development of the graphics system. To reallyRead MoreVideo Games : Stay Away From Art957 Words   |  4 PagesThe discussion about videogames having the credit to be considered art is already dated. When presenting his reasons, Eric Zimmerman - the author of the text Games, stay away from art. Please- makes it clear that the subject is not only old but also pointless. Some of his motives contradicts at some point of the article, but all that we can conclude of clear way is the discussion that video games wheater or not can be considered art will never debunk its cultural value in the media and in the lifeRead MoreVideo Games Should Be Considered A Form Of Art1384 Words   |  6 Pages1990 and you just heard one of your friends got the new Super Mario World video game. It’s after school and your friend invites you over to play this new game with him. When you both sit down to play you become engulfed in the new colors, structures, and features of this new game. The only thing you can think about is the graphics being far better than any game you own at home. Nowadays, the graphics of video games are of much higher quality than in the 1990’s, with three-dimensional designRead MoreElectronic Arts and the Global Video Game Industry Essay2158 Words   |  9 Pages ¡Ã‚ §frequent ¡Ã‚ ¨ player of video games or at least owns the necessary equipment. This target group spends five or more hours a week playing video games. The United States is the largest video game market in the world with about 50% of the US population (145 Million people) spending 6.5 hours a week on computers and video games. The majority of video game players are preteens, teenagers, and young adults (between the age of 20 and 40). A full 70% of college students play video games at least occasionally

Celebrity Role Models Free Essays

Today’s teens are bombarded with images and activities that don’t mirror their lives from hit teen-TV shows like â€Å"The OC† and â€Å"Gossip Girl† to the multitude of entertainment programs and features in magazines. Today’s media obsessed society often leads students to believe all they need to ‘be cool’ is be thin, blonde and wear the latest designer clothes. The UGLY program aims to help young adults self-esteem by using celebrities, as they know that young people look up to celebrities and their identity is reflected on them. We will write a custom essay sample on Celebrity Role Models or any similar topic only for you Order Now Sometimes this is a good thing and other times it is a bad thing and this is why celebrities need to function as a role model to their audience because of today’s celebrity-obsessed society. I plan to expand this theory and reasons behind the celebrity-obsessed society. Celebrities now know that they have a function as a role model to their fans if they want to keep their celebrity status. They have a responsibility now, that celebrities did not have many years ago. The mass media however, play a big part in this as, if the celebrity is not read about then society will loose interest in them and move on to the next influence. The media can make or break a celebrity and can form a celebrity out of nothing. They also play a big part in exposing celebrities and finding out ‘who they really are’. This is another reason our society is so interested in celebrities to show that they are ‘just like us’. And celebrities know that any exposure is good exposure and sometimes will try and get into the tabloid newspapers as much as possible as this then can improve their careers as a celebrity. Whereas other celebrity’s like to rebel as they are uninterested in their celebrity status but all celebrities can function as role model s and this can be bad for their young fans. Today’s mass media society gives reasons why what we read or what we see on television has become our main influence into the world. We watch news and we read the news and we believe what we are told with no questions asked and this is how the media can choose what they discuss on television without the public questioning whether the information is correct or not. Luckily with the invention of the internet we can find alternative news stories discussing different opinions on the subjects if need be. Celebrities are also shown a lot in fashion and gossip magazine’s but, instead of being ‘exposed’ are shown at their best and informing the public what dress they are wearing or what designer they are sporting. This is also an influence in society but is good for the role model function of celebrities. There are good and bad role models in society. Some were once good role models turned bad and then from bad to good. This is all from the media exposure of their lifestyles. Certain celebrities that are recent high interest in the media are celebrities such as Victoria Beckham, Britney Spears, Lindsay Lohan, and Amy Wine house. All these celebrities came about through music but are now just a common face in society and the media and are not so much discussed as their musical talents. A lot of these celebrities act as role models to children and young people and when the media influences them for instance Amy Wine house and drugs it can reflect bad on them. Charlotte Church has grown up in the media eye and children have modeled themselves on her but yet again the media try to portray her as someone bad. Children’s presenters or child celebrities need to be very careful about the way they go about their everyday lives. Children and young adults influence themselves on celebrities so much and with the media exposing and being interested in their everyday lives it’s harder to keep things secret if they do something bad or have a bad habit. In my essay I want to discuss certain news stories from children’s role models that have changed perceptions and that may change the way their fans think as people. This can be very dangerous for future society. How to cite Celebrity Role Models, Essay examples

Pharmacology of Cardiac Disease

Question: Pathophysiology and Pharmacology of Cardiac Disease ? Answer: Introducation: Ischaemic Heart Disease-A Cardio-Vascular disease and its risk factors: Cardio-vascular diseases have drawn the attention of medical experts for last few years. Ischaemic Heart Disease is one of the most common and fatal heart problems globally. The Australian government invested $4518 million in the year 2008-09 for the treatment of this disease (Cardiovascular diseases top Australian health care spending (AIHW), 2017). Sometimes it becomes more critical to handle the cardio-vascular diseases as it is related or combined with other diseases. As for example, Amanda is suffering from high blood pressure and constriction of blood vessels. On the other hand, James has atherosclerosis. Thus, both the patient has an increased chance for Ischaemic Heart Disease. Here the detailed pathophysiologys of their current condition and relating Ischaemic Heart Disease risk factors, pharmacological treatments that will be useful for Amanda and James have been discussed with some relevant points. According to Mann, Zipes, Libby Bonow (2014), the cardio-vascular disease may be referred as the condition in which vessels and arteries get affected, blood clots and sometimes some internal structural problem occur. The heart needs adequate blood circulation to supply oxygen. The heart muscles can pump blood to the whole body through the coronary arteries. Regarding physiology, the condition of Amanda may be defined as the high blood pressure caused by vascular constriction, where blood flow in heart decreases. Vascular constriction in heart will increase the blood pressure, but on the other hand decreases the flow of blood as blood turns away to other lesser resistant areas (Okuyama H, 2017). Amanda is a patient of high blood pressure, and it indicates the greater possibility to be affected by Ischaemic heart disease. "Athero" means plaque, whereas "sclerosis" means hardening. Atherosclerosis is the condition where plaque accumulates inside the arteries of the heart. Thus, Oxygen-rich blood gets restriction to reach in rest of the body parts and also inside the heart itself. Slowly the plaques become harden, and the arteries become narrower, which restrict the blood circulation through it. Thus, the blood-circulation of the heart of James is not proper. When the plaque inside the arteries ruptures, it causes luminal thrombosis which is responsible for acute coronary symptom and may lead to sudden death. As opined by Finegold, Asaria Francis (2013), Atherosclerosis can cause several serious problems including stroke, heart attack, and Ischemic Heart Disease. James is suffering from this problem and has a greater risk of Ischaemic heart disease. A brief overview and pathophysiology of Ischaemic Heart Disease: Ischaemic heart disease is a disease where the supply of blood becomes reduced due to the abnormal condition of heart arteries such as narrower heart arteries. As opined by Del Brutto et al., (2014), it may lead to several serious problems such as heart attacks, myocardial infarction, unstable angina and stable angina. This disease is also known as coronary-artery disease. Figure 1: Healthy Coronary artery and Narrower Coronary artery condition Source: (Foundation, 2017) Fatty acids accumulate on the inner sides or inner walls of the arteries which supply oxygen-rich blood. This accumulation can occur over several years. When the plaque becomes hardened, the elasticity of the arteries get reduced (Department of Health | Cardiovascular disease, 2017). The narrow and hardened arteries restrict the flow of oxygenated blood to the heart. This cause myocardial cell starvation of oxygen thus heart cannot function properly. Improper vasoconstriction of arteries cause decrease in blood flow through it and leads to ischemia. Reduced release of the endothelial vasodilators also causes improper functionality of coronary arteries especially during stress. Dysfunctions of endothelial portion in atherosclerotic coronary arteries lead to improper vascular constriction and deprivation of regular antithrombotic defenses. This causes overwhelming of endogenous antithrombotic mechanisms. Previously atherosclerotic or narrowed coronary arteries which become severely con gested by emerging thrombus, can leads to stable angina and Ischaemic heart disease. Another condition related with Ischaemic heart disease is Inflammation of coronary arteries due to vasculitic syndrome. In the case of Amanda, as it can be firmly said that hypertension or high blood pressure is one of the significant risk factors for Ischaemic heart disease, so the blood pressure needs to be maintained under 140/90 mmHg for primary prevention of Ischaemic heart disease (Del Brutto et al., 2014). As James is suffering from atherosclerosis, thus, the arteries of the heart of this patient are already narrower than normal patient due to plaque accumulation. Thus, it can be firmly said that James is easily prone to Ischaemic heart disease. Pharmacology treatment of Ischaemic Heart Disease: In order to treat Ischaemic heart disease, several types of medicines or therapies is used which is described as follows: (1) Organic nitrates such as isosorbidedinitrate, isosorbidemononitrate which are used to treat this disease as it relaxes the muscles of the heart and improve blood circulation. (2) The current study reveals the fact that Beta blockers such as propranolol, timolol, atenolol and much more and calcium channel blockers such as nifedipine, amlodipine and much more are used alone or combining with ACE inhibitors, as it reduces oxygen consumption and cardiac work. The physiological effects of norepinephrine and epinephrine (catecholamines) regulated by some specific beta-adrenergic and alpha adrenergic receptors (Foundation, 2017). Beta blockers inhibit catecholamines from binding with those receptors. (3) Statins are also used to treat this heart problem as this is helpful to reduce cholesterol level of blood. It acts as HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor. Statins cause 60% reduction in a number of cardiac attacks (Coronary heart disease and atherosclerosis, 2017). Ischemic heart disease also occurs due to the increased cholesterol levels. Statins are used to reduce the Cholesterol levels in hypercholesterolemia. Statins are the HMG-CoA Reductase inhibitors. (4) As opined by Mann, Zipes, Libby Bonow (2014), Aspirin is used as an anti-platelet drug which can be used as it decrease the chance of myocardial infarction mainly for men but not an ideal option for women as it may cause bleeding from the stomach. Amanda as a patient of high blood pressure and vascular constriction needs both primary and secondary prevention from Ischaemic heart disease. The treatment of this patient should be based on beta blockers in combination with ACE inhibitors. If the patient cannot tolerate beta blockers, then verapamil can be used. Thus in case of Amanda, special attention should be given if aspirin has to be used. Moreover, it should be remembered that according to the epidemiological study of Finegold, Asaria Francis (2013), the mortality rate due to Ischaemic heart disease is much higher for the patients with high blood pressure. James as a patient of atherosclerosis needs special attention of medical experts. The patient needs a better control on his cholesterol level of blood because cholesterol is one of the main substances of plaque formation. In this perspective, statins should be used by James with proper attention and guidance as statins have been reported to inhibit the Vitamin K2 synthesis which is a co-factor of activation of matrix Gla- protein. This Gla- protein reduces calcification inside arteries. Thus, statins may be ineffective (Finegold, Asaria Francis, 2013). It can be clearly said that high blood pressure, vascular constriction and atherosclerosis both are prominent risk factors for Ischaemic heart disease. They should follow the medical practitioners advice, lead a healthy lifestyle, healthy diet and should be careful when choosing the medication as they are already suffering from cardio-vascular problems (Okuyama H, 2017). Pharmacological aspects should be considered case wise as Amanda and James are suffering from two different health problems. Reference List: Cardiovascular diseases top Australian health care spending (AIHW). (2017).Aihw.gov.au. Retrieved 22 March 2017, from https://www.aihw.gov.au/media-release-detail/?id=60129546452 Coronary heart disease and atherosclerosis. (2017).Healthdirect.gov.au. Retrieved 22 March 2017, from https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/coronary-heart-disease-and-atherosclerosis Del Brutto, O. H., Peaherrera, E., Ochoa, E., Santamara, M., Zambrano, M., Del Brutto, V. J. (2014). Door?to?door survey of cardiovascular health, stroke, and ischemic heart disease in rural coastal Ecuadorthe Atahualpa Project: methodology and operational definitions.International journal of stroke,9(3), 367-371. Department of Health | Cardiovascular disease. (2017).Health.gov.au. Retrieved 22 March 2017, from https://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/content/chronic-cardio Finegold, J. A., Asaria, P., Francis, D. P. (2013). Mortality from ischaemic heart disease by country, region, and age: statistics from World Health Organisation and United Nations.International journal of cardiology,168(2), 934-945. Foundation, T. (2017).Coronary heart disease CHD.The Heart Foundation. Retrieved 22 March 2017, from https://www.heartfoundation.org.au/your-heart/heart-conditions/coronary-heart-disease-CHD Mann, D. L., Zipes, D. P., Libby, P., Bonow, R. O. (2014).Braunwald's heart disease: a textbook of cardiovascular medicine. Elsevier Health Sciences. Okuyama H, e. (2017).Statins stimulate atherosclerosis and heart failure: pharmacological mechanisms. - PubMed - NCBI.Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 22 March 2017, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25655639